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engine manufacturing industry

  • 1 двигателестроительная промышленность

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > двигателестроительная промышленность

  • 2 Bollée, Ernest-Sylvain

    [br]
    b. 19 July 1814 Clefmont (Haute-Marne), France
    d. 11 September 1891 Le Mans, France
    [br]
    French inventor of the rotor-stator wind engine and founder of the Bollée manufacturing industry.
    [br]
    Ernest-Sylvain Bollée was the founder of an extensive dynasty of bellfounders based in Le Mans and in Orléans. He and his three sons, Amédée (1844–1917), Ernest-Sylvain fils (1846–1917) and Auguste (1847-?), were involved in work and patents on steam-and petrol-driven cars, on wind engines and on hydraulic rams. The presence of the Bollées' car industry in Le Mans was a factor in the establishment of the car races that are held there.
    In 1868 Ernest-Sylvain Bollée père took out a patent for a wind engine, which at that time was well established in America and in England. In both these countries, variable-shuttered as well as fixed-blade wind engines were in production and patented, but the Ernest-Sylvain Bollée patent was for a type of wind engine that had not been seen before and is more akin to the water-driven turbine of the Jonval type, with its basic principle being parallel to the "rotor" and "stator". The wind drives through a fixed ring of blades on to a rotating ring that has a slightly greater number of blades. The blades of the fixed ring are curved in the opposite direction to those on the rotating blades and thus the air is directed onto the latter, causing it to rotate at a considerable speed: this is the "rotor". For greater efficiency a cuff of sheet iron can be attached to the "stator", giving a tunnel effect and driving more air at the "rotor". The head of this wind engine is turned to the wind by means of a wind-driven vane mounted in front of the blades. The wind vane adjusts the wind angle to enable the wind engine to run at a constant speed.
    The fact that this wind engine was invented by the owner of a brass foundry, with all the gear trains between the wind vane and the head of the tower being of the highest-quality brass and, therefore, small in scale, lay behind its success. Also, it was of prefabricated construction, so that fixed lengths of cast-iron pillar were delivered, complete with twelve treads of cast-iron staircase fixed to the outside and wrought-iron stays. The drive from the wind engine was taken down the inside of the pillar to pumps at ground level.
    Whilst the wind engines were being built for wealthy owners or communes, the work of the foundry continued. The three sons joined the family firm as partners and produced several steam-driven vehicles. These vehicles were the work of Amédée père and were l'Obéissante (1873); the Autobus (1880–3), of which some were built in Berlin under licence; the tram Bollée-Dalifol (1876); and the private car La Mancelle (1878). Another important line, in parallel with the pumping mechanism required for the wind engines, was the development of hydraulic rams, following the Montgolfier patent. In accordance with French practice, the firm was split three ways when Ernest-Sylvain Bollée père died. Amédée père inherited the car side of the business, but it is due to Amédée fils (1867– 1926) that the principal developments in car manufacture came into being. He developed the petrol-driven car after the impetus given by his grandfather, his father and his uncle Ernest-Sylvain fils. In 1887 he designed a four-stroke single-cylinder engine, although he also used engines designed by others such as Peugeot. He produced two luxurious saloon cars before putting Torpilleur on the road in 1898; this car competed in the Tour de France in 1899. Whilst designing other cars, Amédée's son Léon (1870–1913) developed the Voiturette, in 1896, and then began general manufacture of small cars on factory lines. The firm ceased work after a merger with the English firm of Morris in 1926. Auguste inherited the Eolienne or wind-engine side of the business; however, attracted to the artistic life, he sold out to Ernest Lebert in 1898 and settled in the Paris of the Impressionists. Lebert developed the wind-engine business and retained the basic "stator-rotor" form with a conventional lattice tower. He remained in Le Mans, carrying on the business of the manufacture of wind engines, pumps and hydraulic machinery, describing himself as a "Civil Engineer".
    The hydraulic-ram business fell to Ernest-Sylvain fils and continued to thrive from a solid base of design and production. The foundry in Le Mans is still there but, more importantly, the bell foundry of Dominique Bollée in Saint-Jean-de-Braye in Orléans is still at work casting bells in the old way.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    André Gaucheron and J.Kenneth Major, 1985, The Eolienne Bollée, The International Molinological Society.
    Cénomane (Le Mans), 11, 12 and 13 (1983 and 1984).
    KM

    Biographical history of technology > Bollée, Ernest-Sylvain

  • 3 трёхмерная характеристика двигателя

    Automobile industry: engine manufacturing, engine map

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > трёхмерная характеристика двигателя

  • 4 construction

    construction [kɔ̃stʀyksjɔ̃]
    feminine noun
       a. ( = action) construction
       b. [de phrase] structure
       c. ( = édifice, bâtiment) building
    * * *
    kɔ̃stʀyksjɔ̃
    1) gén building
    3) Industrie manufacture
    4) Politique, Linguistique, Mathématique construction
    5) ( élaboration) construction
    * * *
    kɔ̃stʀyksjɔ̃ nf
    1) [pont, immeuble] construction, building

    en construction (maisons, immeubles) — under construction

    2) (= immeuble) building
    * * *
    1 ( bâtiment) building; les constructions gâchent le paysage the buildings ruin the landscape;
    2 ( édification) building; encourager la construction de logements et de routes to promote the building of housing and roads; en (cours de) construction under construction; bâtiment de construction ancienne/récente old/recent building;
    3 Écon ( secteur industriel) la construction the construction industry; secteur de la construction construction sector; entreprise de construction construction company;
    4 Ind manufacture; construction de moteurs engine manufacture; de construction japonaise made in Japan; construction aéronautique aircraft manufacturing; construction automobile car manufacturing; construction électrique electrical engineering; construction ferroviaire railway construction; construction mécanique mechanical engineering; construction navale shipbuilding;
    5 Pol construction; construction européenne/du socialisme construction of Europe/of socialism;
    6 Ling, Math construction;
    7 Psych reconstruction;
    8 ( élaboration) construction; une pure construction de l'esprit pure imagination.
    [kɔ̃stryksjɔ̃] nom féminin
    1. [édification] building, construction
    2. [édifice] building, construction
    3. [fabrication] building, manufacturing
    [entreprise]
    4. [structure - d'une œuvre] structure ; [ - d'une phrase] construction, structure
    ————————
    de construction locution adjectivale
    1. [matériau] building (modificateur), construction (modificateur)
    2. JEUX
    ————————
    en construction locution adverbiale

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > construction

  • 5 машиностроение

    3) Railway term: engine building
    4) Economy: machinery-producing industry, metal fabrication
    5) Diplomatic term: engineering industries
    6) Mechanic engineering: millwrighting
    7) Mechanics: machine construction
    8) Advertising: mechanical industry
    10) Education: machine engineering
    11) Automation: engineering manufacture, machine (building) industry, mechanical engineering industry

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > машиностроение

  • 6 der

    I best. Art.
    1. m; (Nom. Sg.) the; der eine ist fleißig, der andere faul (the) one is hard-working, the other one is lazy; der Tod death; der Mensch (alle Menschen) man(kind), humankind; der große Goethe the famous Goethe; der arme Peter poor Peter; der Peter, den ich kenne the Peter (who oder that) I know; der Hyde Park Hyde Park
    2. (Gen Sg. von die) of the; die Mauern der Stadt auch the city walls
    3. (Dat Sg. von die) to the; den Schlüssel habe ich der Nachbarin gegeben I gave the key to the neighbo(u)r
    4. (Gen Pl. von der, die, das) of the; die Ankunft der Kinder auch the children’s arrival
    II Dem. Pron.
    1. m; (Nom. Sg.) that (one), this (one); (er) he, it; der Mann hier this man; der mit dem Bart the one with the beard; nur der kann das verstehen, der... only he ( oder that man) who... can understand it; der und baden gehen? you won’t catch him going swimming; der und ehrlich? Dass ich nicht lache! him? honest? Pull the other one! ( oder Give me a break!)
    2. (Dat Sg. von die) zu der und der Zeit umg. at such and such a time
    III Rel. Pron.
    1. m; (Nom. Sg.) bei Personen: who, that; bei Sachen: which, that; der Bezirk, der einen Teil von X bildet the district forming part of X; der erste Stein, der geworfen wurde the first stone that was thrown; er war der Erste, der es erfuhr he was the first to know; jeder, der... anyone who...; ich, der ich selbst dabei war I, who was there myself
    2. (Dat Sg. von die) bei Personen: who(m), who... to, to whom förm.; bei Sachen: that, which; die Freundin, der ich meine Sorgen erzählte the friend (whom) I told about my problems ( oder to whom I told my problems)
    * * *
    which one (Pron.); that (Pron.); which (Pron.); who (Pron.); the ( Artikel)
    * * *
    I [deːɐ]
    1. def art
    1) gen sing, pl von die of the

    das Miauen dér Katze — the miaowing of the cat, the cat's miaowing

    2) dat sing von die to the; (mit Präposition) the
    2. dem pron dat sing von die
    1) (adjektivisch) to that; (mit Präpositionen) that
    2) (substantivisch) to her; her
    3. rel pron dat sing
    to whom, that or who(m)... to; (mit Präposition) who(m); (von Sachen) to which, which... to; which II [deːɐ] pl die
    1. def art gen des, der, des, pl der dat dem, der, dem, pl den acc den, die, das, pl die
    the

    dér/die Arme! — the poor man/woman or girl

    dér Engländer (dated inf: = die Engländer) — the Englishman

    dér Faust — Faust

    dér Hans (inf) — Hans

    dér kleine Hans — little Hans

    dér Rhein — the Rhine

    dér Michigansee — Lake Michigan

    die "Bismarck" — the "Bismarck"

    dér Lehrer/die Frau (im Allgemeinen) — teachers pl/women pl

    dér Tod/die Liebe/das Leben — death/love/life

    dér Tod des Sokrates — the death of Socrates

    in dem England, das ich kannte — in the England (that or which) I knew

    er liebt den Jazz/die Oper/das Kino — he likes jazz/(the) opera/the cinema

    das Herstellen von Waffen ist... — manufacturing weapons is..., the manufacturing of weapons is...

    dér spätere Wittgenstein — the later Wittgenstein

    er war nicht mehr dér Hans, dér... — he was no longer the Hans who...

    ein Euro das Stück — one euro apiece or each

    20 Euro die Stunde — 20 euros an or per hour

    dér und dér Wissenschaftler — such and such a scientist

    2. dem pron gen dessen or (old) des, deren, dessen,
    pl deren dat dem, der, dem, pl denen acc den, die, das, pl die
    1) (attr) (= jener, dieser) that; (pl) those, them (inf)

    zu dér und dér Zeit — at such and such a time

    an dem und dem Ort — at such and such a place

    2) (substantivisch) he/she/it; (pl) those, them (inf)

    dér/die war es — it was him/her

    dér/die mit dér großen Nase — the one or him/her (inf) with the big nose

    mit den roten Haaren — those or them (inf) with red hair

    deine Schwester, die war nicht da (inf) — your sister, she wasn't there

    dér und schwimmen? — him, swimming?, swimming, (what) him?

    dér/die hier (von Menschen) — he/she, this man/woman etc; (von Gegenständen) this (one); (von mehreren) this one

    dér/die da (von Menschen) — he/she, that man/woman etc; (von Gegenständen) that (one); (von mehreren) that one

    die hier/da pl — they, these/those men/women etc, these/those, them (inf)

    dér, den ich meine — the one I mean

    dér und dér/die und die — so-and-so

    3. rel pron decl as dem pron
    (Mensch) who, that; (Gegenstand, Tier) which, that
    4. rel + dem pron decl as dem pron

    dér/die dafür verantwortlich war,... — the man/woman who was responsible for it

    die so etwas tun,... — those or people who do that sort of thing...

    * * *
    der1
    [de:ɐ̯]
    I. art def, nom sing m
    1. (allgemein) the
    \der Hund/Mann/Tisch the dog/man/table
    \der Mai [the month of] May
    \der Angeber! that show-off!
    2. (bei Körperteilen)
    mir tut \der Hals weh my throat hurts
    \der Hunger/Irrsinn/Tod hunger/madness/death
    \der Tod des Ikaros the death of Icarus
    \der Stahl wird auch mit anderen Elementen legiert steel is also alloyed with other elements; (bei spezifischen Stoffen) the
    \der Sauerstoff in der Luft the oxygen in the air
    \der Mann des Tages the man of the moment
    das ist \der Augenblick, auf den wir gewartet haben that's [just] the moment we've been waiting for
    \der Irak/Iran Iraq/Iran
    \der Sudan The Sudan
    \der Kongo vor der Kolonialzeit pre-colonial Congo
    \der kleine Peter little Peter
    \der spätere Dickens the later Dickens
    er war nicht mehr \der Uli, der... he was no longer the Uli who...
    das ist \der Klaus that's Klaus
    \der Papa sagt,... [my] dad says...
    \der Mensch heute man today
    \der Franzose isst gern gut the French like to eat well
    9. (nach Angaben)
    5 Euro \der Liter €5 a [or per] litre
    10. (vor Angaben)
    \der 14. August 2003 14[th] August 2003, August 14[th], 2003; (gesprochen) the fourteenth of August 2003
    Heinrich \der Achte Henry the Eighth
    \der Kleine the little boy/one
    \der Älteste the oldest [one]
    II. pron dem, nom sing m
    1. attr, betont
    \der Mann war es! it was that man!
    \der Hut gefällt mir am besten I like that/this hat [or that/this hat I like] the most
    \der Stift da that pen [there]
    \der Stift hier this pen [here]
    \der und \der Experte such and such an expert
    \der war es! it was him!
    \der hat es getan! it was him that [or who] did it!
    \der sagte mir,... he told me...
    welcher Stift? \der da? oder \der hier? which pen? that one [there]? or this one [here]?
    wer ist denn \der? (fam) who on earth is he [or that]?
    \der und joggen? him, jogging?
    \der und \der such and such
    \der mit der Brille the one [or fam him] with the glasses
    welcher Ball? — \der mit den Punkten which ball? — the/this/that one with the spots
    ach \der! (pej) oh him!
    der Chef? \der ist nicht da the boss? he's not there
    dein Vater, \der ist nicht gekommen your father, he didn't come
    mein Schuh! \der ist weg! my shoe! it's gone!
    der Scheißkerl, \der! the bastard!
    der Grund ist \der, dass... the reason is that [or because]...
    \der, den ich meinte the one I meant
    wo ist dein Bruder? — \der ist oben where's your brother? — he's upstairs
    das ist ein neuer Drucker! warum druckt \der nicht? that's a new printer! why isn't it working?
    beißt \der? does it/he/she bite?
    III. pron rel, nom sing m
    1. that; (Person a.) who/whom form; (Gegenstand, Tier a.) which
    ich hörte/sah einen Wagen, \der um die Ecke fuhr I heard/saw a car driving around the corner
    ein Film, \der gut ankommt a much-acclaimed film
    ein Roman, \der von Millionen gelesen wurde a novel [that has been] read by millions
    der König, \der vierzig Jahre herrschte,... (einschränkend) the king who [or that] reigned for forty years...; (nicht einschränkend) the king, who reigned for forty years,...
    der Mantel, \der zum Trocknen aufgehängt war,... (einschränkend) the coat that [or which] was hung up to dry...; (nicht einschränkend) the coat, which was hung up to dry,...
    der Mörder, \der von der Polizei gesucht wird,... (einschränkend) the murderer [who [or that]] the police are searching for..., the murderer for whom the police are searching... form; (nicht einschränkend) the murderer, who the police are searching for,..., the murderer, for whom the police are searching,... form
    der Fall, \der von den Ermittlern untersucht werden soll,... (einschränkend) the case [that [or which]] the investigators have to look into..., the case into which the investigators have to look... form; (nicht einschränkend) the case, which the investigators have to look into,..., the case, into which the investigators have to look,... form
    \der mir jetzt hilft, wird belohnt anyone helping [or form he who helps] me now will be rewarded
    \der diesen Brief geschrieben hat, kann gut Deutsch the person/man who wrote this letter knows good German
    \der zu so etwas fähig ist,... people who are capable of such things...; s.a. das, die
    der2
    [ˈde:ɐ̯]
    art def, gen sing f
    der Hund \der alten Frau the old woman's dog
    die Hitze \der Sonne the heat of the sun, the sun's heat
    das Schnurren \der fetten Katze the fat cat's purring, the purring of the fat cat
    die Lösung \der Formel hier the solution to this formula, this formula's solution
    der Einspruch \der Frau da that woman's objection, the objection from that woman
    die Farbe \der Zunge deutete auf seine Krankheit the colour of his tongue indicated his illness
    ein Opfer \der Liebe a victim of love
    ein Zeichen \der Hoffnung a sign of hope
    das Kämmen \der Wolle the combing of wool
    die Berge \der Schweiz the mountains of Switzerland
    die Puppe \der kleinen Sabine little Sabine's doll
    ich ruf an wegen \der Anna I'm calling to talk to you about Anna
    die Arien \der Callas Callas' arias
    8. (form: vor Namen)
    ein Antrag \der Ute Kley a petition from Ute Kley
    die Rolle \der Frau in Management women's role [or the role of women] in management
    die Trinkfestigkeit \der Engländerin the ability of the Englishwoman to hold her drink
    10. (geh: nach Angaben)
    10 Meter \der kostbarsten Seide 10 metres of the most precious silk
    das Spielzeug \der Kleinen the little one's [or girl's] toys
    die Weisheit \der Ältesten the wisdom of the eldest [woman]; s.a. das, die
    der3
    I. art def, dat sing f
    1. siehe auch vb (allgemein)
    sie redeten mit/von \der Nachbarin they were talking with/about the neighbour
    ich klopfte an \der Tür I knocked at the door
    das Bild hängt an \der Wand the picture is hanging on the wall
    sie folgte \der Frau/Menge she followed the woman/crowd
    er gab \der Großmutter den Brief he gave his grandmother the letter, he gave the letter to his grandmother
    es gehört \der Frau da it belongs to that woman
    es entspricht \der Textstelle hier it corresponds to this passage in the text
    er schlug den Tisch mit \der Faust he thumped the table with his fist
    er widmete \der Liebe ein Gedicht he dedicated a poem to love
    mit \der Hoffnung eines Verzweifelten with the hope of a desperate man
    \der Bronze wird auch Phosphor beigemischt phosphorus is also added to bronze; (bei spezifischen Stoffen)
    mit \der Wolle dieses Schafs with the wool from this sheep, with this sheep's wool
    wir segelten mit \der ‚Nordwind‘ we sailed on the [yacht] ‘Nordwind’
    in \der Schweiz [der Zwischenkriegsjahre] in [interwar] Switzerland
    \der kleinen Jenny geht's nicht gut little Jenny isn't feeling well
    sie ist bei \der Kati she's at Kati's place
    er hat \der Callas mal die Hand geküsst he once kissed Callas' hand
    von \der Frau in der Industrie of women in industry
    als das Pferd \der Maschine wich when the horse gave way to the engine
    mit 20 Flaschen \der Kiste with 20 bottles a [or per] crate
    gib \der Kleinen einen Kuss give the little one a kiss
    wir gingen zu \der Ältesten we went to the elder
    II. pron dem, dat sing f
    1. attr, betont
    \der Pflanze muss man Dünger geben that plant must be given fertilizer
    \der Frau hast du es erzählt? you told it to that woman?
    zu \der und \der Zeit at such and such a time
    glaub \der bloß nicht! don't believe her [of all people]!
    III. pron rel, dat sing f, siehe auch vb
    meine Kollegin, \der die Aufgabe zugeteilt wurde,... (einschränkend) my colleague who [or that] was assigned the task...; (nicht einschränkend) my colleague, who was assigned the task,...
    die Lösung, \der der Alkohol entzogen war,... (einschränkend) the solution that [or which] had its alcohol extracted...; (nicht einschränkend) the solution, which had its alcohol extracted,...
    die Abgeordnete, \der ich oft schrieb,... (einschränkend) the MP [who [or that]] I often wrote to..., the MP to whom I often wrote... form; (nicht einschränkend) the MP, who I often wrote to,..., the MP, to whom I often wrote,... form
    die Grippe, unter \der sie leiden,... (einschränkend) the flu [that [or which]] they're suffering from..., the flu from which they're suffering... form; (nicht einschränkend) the flu, which they're suffering from,..., the flu, from which they're suffering,... form; s.a. das, die
    der4
    art def, gen pl
    1. siehe auch n (allgemein)
    die Anstrengungen \der Schüler the pupils' efforts, the efforts of the pupils
    die Zeichnungen \der beiden Schwestern the two sisters' drawings, the drawings by the two sisters
    das Gezwitscher \der Vögel the twittering of the birds
    das Gewicht \der Platten the weight of the slabs
    die Wohnung \der Eltern my/his/her etc. parents' flat
    die Lösungen \der Formeln hier the solutions to these formulae
    der Einspruch \der Frauen da those women's objection, the objection from those women
    die Farbe \der Haare gefiel ihr nicht she didn't like the colour of her hair
    die Sprachen \der Niederlande the languages of [or spoken in] the Netherlands
    das Haus \der Müllers the Millers' house
    4. (form: vor Namen)
    ein Antrag \der Heinz und Ute Kley a petition from Heinz and Ute Kley
    die Rolle \der Pflanzen in der Medizin the role of plants in medicine
    6. (geh: nach Angaben)
    10 Kisten \der feinsten Äpfel 10 crates of the finest apples
    das Spielzeug \der Kleinen the little ones' toys
    die Weisheit \der Ältesten the wisdom of the elders; s.a. das, die
    * * *
    I 1.
    bestimmter Artikel Nom. the

    der April/Winter — April/winter

    der ‘Faust’ — ‘Faust’

    der Dieter — (ugs.) Dieter

    der Kapitalismus/Islam — capitalism/Islam

    der Bodensee/Mount Everest — Lake Constance/Mount Everest

    2.
    1) attr. that

    der und arbeiten! — (ugs.) [what,] him work! (coll.)

    der [da] — (Mann) that man; (Gegenstand, Tier) that one

    der [hier] — (Mann) this man; (Gegenstand, Tier) this one

    3.
    Relativpronomen (Mensch) who/that; (Sache) which/that

    der Mann, der da drüben entlanggeht — the man walking along over there

    4.
    Relativ- und Demonstrativpronomen the one who
    II 1.
    bestimmter Artikel
    1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 1.
    2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 1.: to the; (nach Präp.) the
    3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 1., die I 1., das 1.

    das Haus der Freunde — our/their etc. friends' house

    2.
    1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 2. 1): of the; of that
    2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 2. attr

    der Frau [da/hier] gehört es — it belongs to that woman there/this woman here; allein stehend

    gib es der da! — (ugs.) give it to 'her

    3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 2. 1), die I 2. 1), das 2. 1): of those
    3.
    Relativpronomen; Dat. Sg. v. die I 3. (Person) whom

    die Frau, der ich es gegeben habe — the woman to whom 1 gave it; the woman 1 gave it to; (Sache) that/which

    die Katze, der er einen Tritt gab — the cat [that] he kicked

    * * *
    A. best art
    1. m; (nom sg) the;
    der eine ist fleißig, der andere faul (the) one is hard-working, the other one is lazy;
    der Tod death;
    der Mensch (alle Menschen) man(kind), humankind;
    der große Goethe the famous Goethe;
    der arme Peter poor Peter;
    der Peter, den ich kenne the Peter (who oder that) I know;
    der Hyde Park Hyde Park
    2. (gen sg von die) of the;
    die Mauern der Stadt auch the city walls
    3. (dat sg von die) to the;
    den Schlüssel habe ich der Nachbarin gegeben I gave the key to the neighbo(u)r
    4. (gen pl von der, die, das) of the;
    die Ankunft der Kinder auch the children’s arrival
    B. dem pr
    1. m; (nom sg) that (one), this (one); (er) he, it;
    der Mann hier this man;
    der mit dem Bart the one with the beard;
    nur der kann das verstehen, der … only he ( oder that man) who … can understand it;
    der und baden gehen? you won’t catch him going swimming;
    der und ehrlich? Dass ich nicht lache! him? honest? Pull the other one! ( oder Give me a break!)
    2. (dat sg von die)
    zu der und der Zeit umg at such and such a time
    C. rel pr
    1. m; (nom sg) bei Personen: who, that; bei Sachen: which, that;
    der Bezirk, der einen Teil von X bildet the district forming part of X;
    der erste Stein, der geworfen wurde the first stone that was thrown;
    er war der Erste, der es erfuhr he was the first to know;
    jeder, der … anyone who …;
    ich, der ich selbst dabei war I, who was there myself
    2. (dat sg von die) bei Personen: who(m), who … to, to whom form; bei Sachen: that, which;
    die Freundin, der ich meine Sorgen erzählte the friend (whom) I told about my problems ( oder to whom I told my problems)
    * * *
    I 1.
    bestimmter Artikel Nom. the

    der April/Winter — April/winter

    der ‘Faust’ — ‘Faust’

    der Dieter — (ugs.) Dieter

    der Kapitalismus/Islam — capitalism/Islam

    der Bodensee/Mount Everest — Lake Constance/Mount Everest

    2.
    1) attr. that

    der und arbeiten! — (ugs.) [what,] him work! (coll.)

    der [da] — (Mann) that man; (Gegenstand, Tier) that one

    der [hier] — (Mann) this man; (Gegenstand, Tier) this one

    3.
    Relativpronomen (Mensch) who/that; (Sache) which/that

    der Mann, der da drüben entlanggeht — the man walking along over there

    4.
    Relativ- und Demonstrativpronomen the one who
    II 1.
    bestimmter Artikel
    1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 1.
    2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 1.: to the; (nach Präp.) the
    3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 1., die I 1., das 1.

    das Haus der Freunde — our/their etc. friends' house

    2.
    1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 2. 1): of the; of that
    2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 2. attr

    der Frau [da/hier] gehört es — it belongs to that woman there/this woman here; allein stehend

    gib es der da! — (ugs.) give it to 'her

    3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 2. 1), die I 2. 1), das 2. 1): of those
    3.
    Relativpronomen; Dat. Sg. v. die I 3. (Person) whom

    die Frau, der ich es gegeben habe — the woman to whom 1 gave it; the woman 1 gave it to; (Sache) that/which

    die Katze, der er einen Tritt gab — the cat [that] he kicked

    * * *
    (neueste) Stand der Technik m.
    the state of the art n. art.m.
    the art. pron.
    which pron.
    who pron.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > der

  • 7 авиационный

    авиационный прил
    aeronautical
    авиационная администрация
    aviation authority
    авиационная база
    aircraft depot
    авиационная выставка
    air show
    авиационная коммерческая деятельность
    air commerce
    авиационная медицина
    1. aeromedicine
    2. air medicine авиационная метеорологическая служба
    aeronautical meteorological service
    авиационная метеорология
    aeronautical meteorology
    авиационная метеостанция
    aeronautical meteorological station
    авиационная организация
    air entity
    авиационная почта
    airmail
    авиационная промышленность
    air industry
    авиационная связь
    aeronautical telecommunication
    авиационная служба подвижных средств
    aeronautical mobile service
    (связи) авиационная служба спутниковых средств
    aeronautical mobile-satellite service
    (связи) авиационная техническая база
    1. aircraft maintenance depot
    2. aircraft maintenance base авиационная топливная смесь
    aviation mixed fuel
    авиационная фиксированная радиостанция
    aeronautical fixed station
    (авиационная фиксированная станция) авиационная фразеология
    air patter
    авиационное агентство
    air agency
    авиационное законодательство
    air legislation
    авиационное коммерческое предприятие
    airline
    авиационное материально-техническое обеспечение
    aviation-logistic support
    авиационное оборудование
    aeronautical equipment
    авиационное подразделение
    air unit
    авиационное прогнозирование
    aviation forecast
    авиационное проектирование и строительство
    aeronautical engineering
    авиационное производственное предприятие
    aircraft manufacturing facilities
    авиационное происшествие
    1. flight accident
    2. air crash 3. aviation accident авиационное происшествие со смертельным исходом
    fatal flight accident
    авиационное соглашение
    air agreement
    авиационное страхование
    1. aerial insurance
    2. aviation insurance авиационное техническое училище
    aeronautical technical school
    авиационное топливо
    aviation fuel
    авиационное топливо для турбореактивных двигателей
    aviation turbine fuel
    авиационные перевозки
    aviation operations
    авиационные работы
    aerial work
    авиационные часы
    aviation clock
    авиационный бензин
    1. aviation gasoline
    2. aviation petrol авиационный груз
    1. air freight
    2. aircargo авиационный двигатель воздушного охлаждения
    air-cooled engine
    авиационный завод
    1. aircraft factory
    2. aircraft manufacturing plant авиационный инженер
    aeronautical engineer
    авиационный метеорологический код
    aeronautical meteorological code
    авиационный механик
    aeromechanic
    авиационный персонал
    aeronautical personnel
    авиационный реестр
    aeronautical register
    авиационный салон
    aeroshow
    авиационный секстант
    air sextant
    авиационный техник
    aircraft technician
    авиационный трап
    air stairs
    авиационный цифровой прогноз
    aviation digital forecast
    Африканская конференция по авиационным тарифам
    African Air Tariff Conference
    ВЧ-ДИАПАЗОН авиационных частот
    HF aeronautical band
    движение на авиационной трассе
    airway traffic
    диапазон авиационных радиочастот
    aeronautical radio band
    диапазон авиационных частот
    aviation band
    донесение об авиационном происшествии
    accident report
    единая авиационная грузовая тарифная ставка
    unifired air cargo tariff
    единая авиационная пассажирская тарифная ставка
    unifired air passenger tariff
    инспекция по расследованию авиационных происшествий
    investigating authority
    информационное обслуживание авиационных маршрутов
    aeronautical en-route information service
    информационный сборник для авиационных специалистов
    airman's information manual
    Комиссия по авиационной метеорологии
    Commission for aeronautical Meteorology
    Комитет по авиационному шуму
    Committee on Aircraft Noise
    Комитет по рассмотрению авиационных вопросов
    Aviation Review Committee
    купон авиационного билета
    air ticket portion
    международная авиационная трасса
    international air route
    международный авиационный стандарт
    international aircraft standard
    обработка авиационного груза
    aircargo handling
    ОВЧ-ДИАПАЗОН авиационных частот
    VHF aeronautical band
    оператор авиационной связи
    air communicator
    опытная авиационный завод
    aircraft development plant
    отчет об авиационных происшествиях
    accident data report
    помехи от авиационных объектов
    aviation-to-aviation type of interference
    помехи от авиационных средств связи
    air clutter
    предотвращение авиационных происшествий
    accidents prevention
    представление донесений об авиационных происшествиях
    accidents reporting
    программа обеспечения авиационной безопасности
    aviation safety program
    программа организации авиационных путешествий
    universal air travel plan
    программа прогнозирования авиационного шума
    aircraft noise prediction program
    радиовещательное обслуживание авиационного движения
    aeronautical broadcasting service
    регулярная авиационная сводка погоды
    aviation routine weather report
    ремонтный авиационный завод
    aircraft overhaul plant
    сбор материалов для расследования авиационного происшествия
    accident inquiry
    Секция авиационной безопасности
    Aviation Security Section
    (ИКАО) Секция авиационной медицины
    Aviation Medicine Section
    (ИКАО) Секция изучения авиационных систем
    Systems Study section
    (ИКАО) Секция расследования и предотвращения авиационных происшествий
    Accident Investigation and Prevention Section
    (ИКАО) сеть авиационной метеорологической факсимильной связи
    aviation meteorological facsimile network
    сеть авиационной фиксированной электросвязи
    aeronautical fixed telecommunication network
    сеть авиационных линий
    airline network
    сеть совместного авиационного радиообслуживания
    incorporated aeronautical radio
    служба авиационной радионавигации
    radio navigation service
    советник по авиационным вопросам
    aviation adviser
    Совет по авиационным спутникам
    Aeronautical Satellite Council
    совместное финансирование авиационных проектов
    joint support
    составлять отчет об авиационном происшествии
    compile the accident report
    способствовать предотвращению авиационных происшествий
    foster accidents prevention
    статья об авиационных тарифах
    air tariff clause
    телесное повреждение в результате авиационного происшествия
    accident serious injury
    уровень авиационной подготовки
    aeronautical proficiency
    учет авиационных происшествий
    accident statistics
    цепь фиксированной авиационной связи
    aeronautical fixed circuit
    эксплуатационные методы снижения авиационного шума
    aircraft noise abatement operating procedures

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > авиационный

  • 8 Sopwith, Sir Thomas (Tommy) Octave Murdoch

    SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace
    [br]
    b. 18 January 1888 London, England
    d. 27 January 1989 Stockbridge, Hampshire, England
    [br]
    English aeronautical engineer and industrialist.
    [br]
    Son of a successful mining engineer, Sopwith did not shine at school and, having been turned down by the Royal Navy as a result, attended an engineering college. His first interest was motor cars and, while still in his teens, he set up a business in London with a friend in order to sell them; he also took part in races and rallies.
    Sopwith's interest in aviation came initially through ballooning, and in 1906 he purchased his own balloon. Four years later, inspired by the recent flights across the Channel to France and after a joy-ride at Brooklands, he bought an Avis monoplane, followed by a larger biplane, and taught himself to fly. He was awarded the Royal Aero Society's Aviator Certificate No. 31 on 21 November 1910, and he quickly distinguished himself in flying competitions on both sides of the Atlantic and started his own flying school. In his races he was ably supported by his friend Fred Sigrist, a former motor engineer. Among the people Sopwith taught to fly were an Australian, Harry Hawker, and Major Hugh Trenchard, who later became the "father" of the RAF.
    In 1912, depressed by the poor quality of the aircraft on trial for the British Army, Sopwith, in conjunction with Hawker and Sigrist, bought a skating rink in Kingston-upon-Thames and, assisted by Fred Sigrist, started to design and build his first aircraft, the Sopwith Hybrid. He sold this to the Royal Navy in 1913, and the following year his aviation manufacturing company became the Sopwith Aviation Company Ltd. That year a seaplane version of his Sopwith Tabloid won the Schneider Trophy in the second running of this speed competition. During 1914–18, Sopwith concentrated on producing fighters (or "scouts" as they were then called), with the Pup, the Camel, the 1½ Strutter, the Snipe and the Sopwith Triplane proving among the best in the war. He also pioneered several ideas to make flying easier for the pilot, and in 1915 he patented his adjustable tailplane and his 1 ½ Strutter was the first aircraft to be fitted with air brakes. During the four years of the First World War, Sopwith Aviation designed thirty-two different aircraft types and produced over 16,000 aircraft.
    The end of the First World War brought recession to the aircraft industry and in 1920 Sopwith, like many others, put his company into receivership; none the less, he immediately launched a new, smaller company with Hawker, Sigrist and V.W.Eyre, which they called the H.G. Hawker Engineering Company Ltd to avoid any confusion with the former company. He began by producing cars and motor cycles under licence, but was determined to resume aircraft production. He suffered an early blow with the death of Hawker in an air crash in 1921, but soon began supplying aircraft to the Royal Air Force again. In this he was much helped by taking on a new designer, Sydney Camm, in 1923, and during the next decade they produced a number of military aircraft types, of which the Hart light bomber and the Fury fighter, the first to exceed 200 mph (322 km/h), were the best known. In the mid-1930s Sopwith began to build a large aviation empire, acquiring first the Gloster Aircraft Company and then, in quick succession, Armstrong-Whitworth, Armstrong-Siddeley Motors Ltd and its aero-engine counterpart, and A.V.Roe, which produced Avro aircraft. Under the umbrella of the Hawker Siddeley Aircraft Company (set up in 1935) these companies produced a series of outstanding aircraft, ranging from the Hawker Hurricane, through the Avro Lancaster to the Gloster Meteor, Britain's first in-service jet aircraft, and the Hawker Typhoon, Tempest and Hunter. When Sopwith retired as Chairman of the Hawker Siddeley Group in 1963 at the age of 75, a prototype jump-jet (the P-1127) was being tested, later to become the Harrier, a for cry from the fragile biplanes of 1910.
    Sopwith also had a passion for yachting and came close to wresting the America's Cup from the USA in 1934 when sailing his yacht Endeavour, which incorporated a number of features years ahead of their time; his greatest regret was that he failed in his attempts to win this famous yachting trophy for Britain. After his retirement as Chairman of the Hawker Siddeley Group, he remained on the Board until 1978. The British aviation industry had been nationalized in April 1977, and Hawker Siddeley's aircraft interests merged with the British Aircraft Corporation to become British Aerospace (BAe). Nevertheless, by then the Group had built up a wide range of companies in the field of mechanical and electrical engineering, and its board conferred on Sopwith the title Founder and Life President.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1953. CBE 1918.
    Bibliography
    1961, "My first ten years in aviation", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (April) (a very informative and amusing paper).
    Further Reading
    A.Bramson, 1990, Pure Luck: The Authorized Biography of Sir Thomas Sopwith, 1888– 1989, Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens.
    B.Robertson, 1970, Sopwith. The Man and His Aircraft, London (a detailed publication giving plans of all the Sopwith aircraft).
    CM / JDS

    Biographical history of technology > Sopwith, Sir Thomas (Tommy) Octave Murdoch

  • 9 Ilgner, Karl

    SUBJECT AREA: Electricity
    [br]
    b. 27 July 1862 Neisse, Upper Silesia (now Nysa, Poland)
    d. 18 January 1921 Berthelsdorf, Silesia
    [br]
    German electrical engineer, inventor of a transformer for electromotors.
    [br]
    Ilgner graduated from the Gewerbeakademie (the forerunner of the Technical University) in Berlin. As the representative of an electric manufacturing company in Breslau (now Wroclaw, Poland) from 1897, he was confronted with the fact that there were no appropriate drives for hoisting-engines or rolling-plants in steelworks. Two problems prevented the use of high-capacity electric motors in the mining as well as in the iron and steel industry: the reactions of the motors on the circuit at the peak point of stress concentration; and the complicated handling of the control system which raised the risks regarding safety. Having previously been head of the department of electrical power transmission in Hannover, he was concerned with the development of low-speed direct-current motors powered by gas engines.
    It was Harry Ward Leonard's switchgear for direct-current motors (USA, 1891) that permitted sudden and exact changes in the speed and direction of rotation without causing power loss, as demonstrated in the driving of a rolling sidewalk at the Paris World Fair of 1900. Ilgner connected this switchgear to a large and heavy flywheel which accumulated the kinetic energy from the circuit in order to compensate shock loads. With this combination, electric motors did not need special circuits, which were still weak, because they were working continuously and were regulated individually, so that they could be used for driving hoisting-engines in mines, rolling-plants in steelworks or machinery for producing tools and paper. Ilgner thus made a notable advance in the general progress of electrification.
    His transformer for hoisting-engines was patented in 1901 and was commercially used inter alia by Siemens \& Halske of Berlin. Their first electrical hoisting-engine for the Zollern II/IV mine in Dortmund gained international reputation at the Düsseldorf exhibition of 1902, and is still preserved in situ in the original machine hall of the mine, which is now a national monument in Germany. Ilgner thereafter worked with several companies to pursue his conception, became a consulting engineer in Vienna and Breslau and had a government post after the First World War in Brussels and Berlin until he retired for health reasons in 1919.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1901, DRP no. 138, 387 1903, "Der elektrische Antrieb von Reversier-Walzenstraßen", Stahl und Eisen 23:769– 71.
    Further Reading
    W.Kroker, "Karl Ilgner", Neue Deutsche Biographie, Vol. X, pp. 134–5. W.Philippi, 1924, Elektrizität im Bergbau, Leipzig (a general account).
    K.Warmbold, 1925, "Der Ilgner-Umformer in Förderanlagen", Kohle und Erz 22:1031–36 (a detailed description).
    WK

    Biographical history of technology > Ilgner, Karl

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